Behavior management skills are of particular importance to teachers in the educational system. Behavior management include all of the actions and conscious inactions to enhance the probability people, individually and in groups, choose behaviors already in their repertoires, which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable.[1]
There is a great deal of research related to "behavior change" and "behavior management". B.F. Skinner's approach says that anyone can manipulate behavior by first identifying what the individual finds rewarding. Once the rewards of an individual are known, then those rewards can be selected and provided in exchange for good behavior. Skinner calls this "Positive Reinforcement Psychology". In order to effectively address behavior problems, individual must be persuaded (motivated) to behave appropriately.
Behavior Management:
Many of the principles and techniques used are the same as behavior modification yet delivered in a less intensively and consistent fashion. Usually, behavior management is applied at the group level by a classroom teacher as a form of behavioral engineering to produce high rates of student work completion and minimize classroom disruption. In addition, greater focus has been placed on building self-control.Brophy (1986) writes:
"Contemporary behavior modification approaches involve students more actively in planning and shaping their own behavior through participation in the negotiation of contracts with their teachers and through exposure to training designed to help them to monitor and evaluate their behavior more actively, to learn techniques of self-control and problem solving, and to set goals and reinforce themselves for meeting these goals." (p. 191) [2]
In general
behavior management strategies have been very effective in reducing classroom
and home disruption.[3] In addition, recent efforts have
focused on incorporating principles of functional assessment into the process.[4] This means understanding the function
(needs and wants) of the challenging behavior and developing interventions with
the objective of teaching functional equivalent behaviors.
While such
programs can come from a variety of behavioral change theories, the most common
practices rely on the use of applied behavior analysis principles: positive
reinforcement and mild punishments (such as response cost and
time-out). Behavioral practices such as differential reinforcement are commonly
used.[5] Sometimes, these are delivered in a
token economy or a level system.[6] In general the reward component is
considered effective. For example, Cotton (1988) reviewed 37 studies on tokens,
praise and other reward systems and found them to be highly effective in
managing student classroom behavior.
Behavior Modification:
As parents and teachers we should be aware of the importance of incorporating behavior modification as a crucial component of our approach, especially when working with children with special needs. These kids do not learn from the environment like regular developed ones do. They have to be taught the appropriate behaviors that will replace the challenging behaviors ones. As I said in previous blogs, “We are in the business of building socially appropriate behaviors repertoires. We are behavior teachers.”
Daniel Adatto,
BCBA
References
1.
^ Baldwin J.D. and
Baldwinn J.I. (1986). Behavior principals in everyday life (2nd Edition), Engle
Wood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
2.
^ Brophy, J. (1986).
"Classroom Management Techniques." Education and Urban Society 18/2,
182–194
3. Brophy, J.E. (1983) "Classroom
Organization and Management." The Elementary School Journal 83/4, 265–285.
4. Angela Waguespack, Terrence Vaccaro &
Lauren Continere (2006). Functional Behavioral Assessment and Intervention with
Emotional/Behaviorally Disordered Students: In Pursuit of State of the Art. International
Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2 (4), 463–474. [1]
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